1. C: Fluent readers recognize words and expressions and understand their meaning automatically. They don’t focus on the words, they concentrate on the meaning. They make connections between knowledge they already have and ideas and concepts discovered in the new information. Because of their fluency, they enjoy reading and frequently read for pleasure.
2. A: These indirect learning hints include definitions, descriptions, examples and restatements. Since most words are learned by listening to conversations, people use this tool all the time even if they do it unconsciously. But to be effective when reading, context clues must be used judiciously because the unfamiliar word may have several subtle variations so the context clues could be misinterpreted.
3. B: Communication requires a “teller” as well as a “receiver” and both parties must be actively engaged for the process to be effective. It doesn’t matter if the information is spoken, written or gestured, if one person doesn’t do his part, the process breaks down and the message is misunderstood, misinterpreted or missed altogether.
4. D: Mass media has a long and colorful history. It began in the ancient world with morality plays and other performances such as storytelling and pantomime. These theatrical productions were used to inform, teach and preserve tribal traditions.
5. A: Newspapers came into existence about 1612. The cost of production and the inability of the “man on the street” to read limited the impact of printed material until the nineteenth century. When education became the norm for the general public and cheaper duplication methods were developed, the influence of the media grew.